san̆da/han̆da "moon" corresponds to Sanskrit candra) and development of /dʒ/ to /d/ (e.g. development of /tʃ/ to /s/ and/or /ɦ/ (e.g.vibāgaya "exam" Sinhalese Prakrit viṭṭa > Modern Sinhala viṭa) the loss of original vowel length distinction long vowels in the modern language are due to loanwords (e.g.kanavā "to eat" corresponds to Sanskrit khādati, Hindustani khānā) the loss of the aspiration distinction (e.g.The most important phonetic developments of Sinhala include: Modern Sinhala (13th c CE to the present).Medieval Sinhala (8th c CE to 13th c CE).Sinhala Prakrit (3rd c BCE to 4th c CE). The development of Sinhala is divided into four epochs: In the following centuries, there was substantial immigration from Eastern India ( Vanga Kingdom (Bengal), Kalinga, Magadha) which led to an admixture of features of Eastern Prakrits. History Īccording to the chronicle Mahavansa, written in Pali, Vanga kingdom's Prince Vijaya and his entourage merged with the Yakkha and later settlers from the Pandya kingdom. The name is sometimes glossed as 'abode of lions', and attributed to a supposed former abundance of lions on the island. The name is a derivation from siṃha, the Sanskrit word for 'lion'. Sinhala ( Siṃhala) is a Sanskrit term the corresponding Middle Indo-Aryan ( Eḷu) word is Sīhala. Main article: Names of Sri Lanka § Sinhala These poems are believed to have been composed by pilgrims who came to visit the Buddhist monastery of Sigiriya, which was active at this time. There are 1,500 poems written in the 6th-10th centuries on the Sigiriya Mirror Wall. It has two main varieties, written and spoken, and is a conspicuous example of the linguistic phenomenon known as diglossia. The closest relatives are the Vedda language (an endangered, indigenous creole still spoken by a minority of Sri Lankans, mixing Sinhala with an isolate of unknown origin and from which Old Sinhala borrowed various aspects into its main Indo-Aryan substrate), and the Maldivian language. The language of these inscriptions with long vowels and aspirated consonants is a Prakrit similar to Magadhi, a regional associate of the Middle Indian Prakrits that has been used during the time of the Buddha. The early form of the Sinhala language is attested as early as the 3rd century BCE. Along with Pali, it played a major role in the development of Theravada Buddhist literature. Sinhala is one of the official and national languages of Sri Lanka. It is written using the Sinhala script, which is a Brahmic script closely related to the Grantha script of South India. Sinhala is also spoken as the first language by other ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, totalling about 2 million people as of 2001. Sinhala ( / ˈ s ɪ n h ə l ə, ˈ s ɪ ŋ ə l ə/ SIN-hə-lə, SING-ə-lə Sinhala: සිංහල, siṁhala, ), sometimes called Sinhalese ( / ˌ s ɪ n( h) ə ˈ l iː z, ˌ s ɪ ŋ( ɡ) ə ˈ l iː z/ SIN-(h)ə- LEEZ, SING-(g)ə- LEEZ), is an Indo-Aryan language primarily spoken by the Sinhalese people of Sri Lanka, who make up the largest ethnic group on the island, numbering about 16 million.
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